Proto-Indo-European Roots
Root/Stem: | *g'heim- |
Meaning: | cold, winter |
Cognates: | |
Hellenic | Greek kheimón 'winter' |
Italic | Latin hiems 'winter' |
Celtic | Common Celtic *gimo-, *gaimo- > Irish geimhreadh, Early Irish gemred, Old Irish gam, gaimred, Old Welsh gaem, Welsh gauaf, Old Cornish goyf, Breton goam, Middle Breton gouaff, Gaulish Giamillus (a name) |
Indic | Sanskrit hima- 'cold', heman 'in winter' |
Iranian | Avestan zima- 'winter' Persian dai < *gheimen 'winter' |
Anatolian | Hittite gima- 'winter' |
Armenian | Armenian giun 'winter', gen. gean |
Balkan | Albanian dimër 'winter', gen. dimri |
Germanic | Common Germanic *gim- 'winter, year' > Old Norse góimánaðr 'a winter month', Icelandic goa, Norwegian gjö, Swedish göjemanad, Danish gimmer- 'a year old' |
Baltic | Common Baltic *z'iema 'winter'> Lithuanian z'iema 'winter', Latvian ziema, Old Prussian semo 'winter', seamis 'winter corn' |
Slavic | Common Slavic *zima 'winter' > Russian & Ukrainian & Bulgarian & Polish & Slovene & Czech zima, Sorbian zyma |
Notes: | Quite a stable root which obviously denoted 'winter' already in the Proto-language. Though the majority of linguists agree that Proto-Indo-Europeans used to live in hot climate, they were acquainted with snow and winter, as linguistic materials show. |