Proto-Indo-European Roots
Root/Stem: | *kreu- |
Meaning: | flesh |
Cognates: | |
Hellenic | Greek kreas < *krewas 'flesh', Homeric krn |
Italic | Latin cruor 'gore', cruentus 'bloody' |
Celtic | Common Celtic *krovos 'blood' > Early Irish cr, cr, Welsh crau, Cornish crow, Scottish cr |
Indic | Sanskrit kravis 'raw flesh' |
Iranian | Avestan xrra- 'bloody' |
Germanic | Common Germanic *xraw- 'flesh' > Old High German hr, hrawr, Old Saxon hr, Old English hraw, Old Icelandic hrr 'flesh' German Roh |
Baltic | Common Baltic *krau- 'blood' > Lithuanian kraujas 'blood', kravinti 'to bleed', Old Prussian crauyo, krawia 'blood' |
Slavic | Common Slavic *kry, gen. *krve
'blood' > Ukrainian krov, Macedonian & Serbo-Croatian & Slovene & Slovak krv, Czech krev, Old Polish kry, Polish krew, Upper Sorbian krej, Lower Sorbian kej, Polabian kroj |
Notes: | A perfect example of a non-palatal Indo-European *k preserved in all 'satem' languages without becoming a spirant. The original meaning 'raw flesh' was changed by another one 'blood' is some languages. It happened perhaps due to a tabooed Indo-European word for 'blood' which was regarded to as a divine power. A more archaic word for 'blood' in Proto-Indo-European was *esr.-, preserved in Hittite and Greek. |