Proto-Indo-European Roots
Root/Stem: | *dhwer-, *dhwor- |
Meanings: | a doorway, a door, a gate |
Cognates: | Greek thura (a door) - a feminine a-stem noun |
Latin foris (a door), foras (out
the house), forum - the initial f- proves it used to be *dh-,
not *d- Umbrian furo, furu (a forum) |
|
Common Celtic *dor- (a door) > Insular Celtic *doressuh - a suffix -est- was added; Gaulish doro (a mouth), Welsh & Breton dor, Old Irish dorus, Irish Gaelic doras, Scottish Gaelic dorus or dorust (dialectal), Old Cornish dor, Cornish daras |
|
Common Germanic *dur- (a doorway) with a
semi-vowel replacing a root vowel; > Gothic dauro (gate), Old English duru (a door), Old High German turi, Old Norse dyrr |
|
Sanskrit dvárah (a door, gate) | |
Avestan dvar@m (a door), Old Persian duvaraya (outside) | |
Armenian durkh (acc. a door) | |
Thracian dur, dero- (a fence) > Albanian derë (a gate) |
|
Common Baltic *duaris (gate) > Lithuanian durys (plural for "doors"), Latvian duris, Old Prussian dwaris (gate), Sudovian dvaris (gate) | |
Common Slavic *dverï (gate) > Slovene duri (plural - doors), Chekh dveri, Polish drzwi, Upper Sorbian durje, Lower Sorbian z'urja (doors), Ukrainian dveri, Russian dver'(a door), Belorussian dzwery (doors) |
|
Notes: | The noun was feminine and i-stem, though later in some
groups (Indic, Greek) it migrated into a-stems. Some scientists think (and we share) that the plural form is so frequent because of the meaning "doors": two halfs of the gate. It had dual number, and such a fact is still shown in Russian where the word for "gate" is vorota, the former dual form. |