Proto-Indo-European Roots
Root/Stem: | *awo-, *awio- |
Meanings: | mother's brother |
Cognates (32): | |
Hellenic | Greek aia (ground, motherland) |
Italic | Latin avus (grandfather) |
Celtic | Common Celtic *avios (related to grandfather);
> Old Irish aue, haue (grandson), Irish ó (grandson), Welsh ewythr (mother's brother), Cornish euitor, Breton eontr |
Indic | |
Dardic & Nuristani | |
Iranian | |
Anatolian | |
Tocharian | |
Armenian | Armenian hav, gen. havu (grandfather) |
Balkan | |
Germanic | Common Germanic *awón-, *awé-, *awun-;
> Gothic awó (grandmother), Old Icelandic ái (great grandfather), afi (grandfather), Old English & Old Saxon éam (grandfather), Old Frisian ém, Old High German óheim (mother's brother), Middle Low German óm; German Oheim (mother's brother), Dutch oom (grandfather) |
Baltic | Lithuanian ava (mother's brother's wife), avynas (mother's brother), Old Prussian awis |
Slavic | Common Slavic *ujï (mother's brother),
> Ukrainian vuj, Old Serbian uika, Bulgarian uiko, Serbo-Croatian ujac, Slovene & Czech & Slovak ujec, Polish wuj (uncle), Lower Sorbian hujk (uncle, cousin), Russian uj (mother's brother) |
Notes: | The term is rather dark, and its origin and exact meaning are
not quite clear yet. It is obvious, however, that it denoted kinship. Most of modern
Indo-European languages do not preserve the original complicated system of kinship terms: uncle
in English means both 'mother's brother' and 'father's brother', while in
Proto-Indo-European there used to be two different words. The same goes for other terms:
'sister's husband', 'son's wife', etc. The presence of the initial *H- (laryngeal) is also a question. |