Proto-Indo-European Roots

Root/Stem:	*ma'te'r-
Meanings:	a mother
Cognates (67):
Hellenic	Greek me'te'r (a mother), Doric ma'te'r, New Greek metera
Italic	Latin mater (a mother), Osc maatrei's abl.sg., Umbr matrer abl.sg.; Italian madre, Catalan mare, Spanish madre, Provencal maire, French mere, Brazilian mae, Portuguese mai
Celtic	Common Celtic *ma'te'r, > Gaulish matir (mother), Irish ma'thair (mother), Scottish ma'thair, Old Irish ma'thir, Welsh modryb (dame, aunt), Old Breton motrep (aunt), Breton moedreb (aunt)
Indic	Sanskrit ma'ta' (a mother)
Dardic & Nuristani	Kashmiri moju
Iranian	Avestan ma'tar (a mother), Old Persian ma'dar,  Ossetic mad, Baluchi math, Afghan mor, Tadzik modar, Persian madar, Waziri mor, mer
Anatolian
Tocharian	Tocharic ma'car (a mother)
	Armenian mair (a mother), gen. maur
	Albanian motre" (a sister)
Germanic	Common Germanic *mo'the'r, > Old High German muoter, Old Icelandic modher, Old English mo'dor, Norse mo'thir, Old Low German mo'der, Old Frisian mo'ther, Old Saxon mo'dire (aunt), Middle High German mu"eder , Swedish mor, modor, German Mutter, Icelandic mooir, Norwegian mor, Danish moder, Faroese modir, Dutch & Afrikaans moeder
Baltic	Common Baltic *mo'te' > Lithuanian mote., motina (a woman), Latvian mate (a woman), Old Prussian mu'ti (a mother), pomatre (a step-mother), Sudovian ma'te' (a mother)
Slavic	Common Slavic *mati (a mother), > Ukrainian & Bulgarian & Serbo-Croatian & Slovene & Czech mati, Slovak & Russian mat', Belorussian & Polish & Upper Sorbian mac', Lower Sorbian mas' (a mother)
Notes:	Again one of the most famous Indo-European words. Maybe Jakob Grimm and Rasmus Rask invented comparative linguistic staring at a table like this.  Semantically this stem not everywhere denotes the mother - Albanian sister, Breton aunt, but as a whole the root is rather simple. *Note: Old English and other ancient Germanic tongues used a special runes where we write th, dh here. Our th is like in thin, our dh reads like this.